THE PENTATEUCH: A Paradise Of God's Own Fool !!

                                                                   

                                                                       

THE PENTATEUCH

Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy are the first five books of the Bible. Collectively called the Pentateuch, they are the most important books of the Old Testament. They provide for the creation of Humanity, and describe the Fall of Man, and establish the foundation of god's law. Tradition asserts that these books were written by Moses at least in the year 1,450 BCE. Believers assert that Moses delivered the Pentateuch completely finished into the hands of the Jews sometime before his death. Is this True? Is there any way that biblical scholars can know this with any certainty? Of course not.

To disprove the claim that Moses wrote those books is to greatly impair the bible's authority as a religious foundation.

And this is exactly what  has happened. It has been shown that the Pentateuch was not written by some  Moses, and that those books are not as old as they are claimed to be. They were written centuries later by unknown writers.

What is the main argument used to prove that Moses was the author of the Pentateuch? The following verses:
"And it came to pass, that when Moses had made an end of writing the words of this law in a book, until they were finished, that Moses commanded the Levites, which bore the ark of the covenant of the Lord, saying, Take this book of the law, and put it inside of the ark of the covenant of the Lord your God, that it may be there for a witness against thee." (Deu 31:24-26).

This passage was written for a purpose-- the conclusion to it appears in 2nd Kings.

     During the reign of Josiah, Hilkiah the high priest discovered a "book of the law" in the temple. "And Hilkiah the high priest said unto Shaphan the scribe, I have found the book of the law in the house of the Lord." (2 Kings 22:8) This book was the book of Deuteronomy-- but it was not written in the time of Moses, but in the time of Josiah, more than eight centuries later. Hilkiah needed the book and he "found" it... he simply "found it in the temple", lying around, presumably unnoticed until then. Honesty forces us to admit that  he wrote it.

Moses Came With His Tablets
 From Mount Horeb

There can’t be a lie deception & shameless treachery greater than the above quoted fake admission by our biblical High Priest (Hil-kiah).

No Book had ever been placed inside the Ark as the so-called writer of Deuteronomy stated. At the dedication of Solomon's temple the ark was opened, but it contained no book. "There was nothing in the ark save the two tables of stone, which Moses put there at Horeb." (1 Kings 8:5-9)

Dr. Briggs presents the following list of arguments [The Hexateuch, p. 261]  that the  Book of Deuteronomy was invented in the time of Josiah :

1) Expressions which indicate a period prior to the Conquest (2:12; 19:14)


2) The law of the king, which implies the reign of Solomon (17:14-20): We all know that no king was installed before the time of Prophet Samuel.

3) The one supreme judicatory of the time of Jehosaphat (17:8): No such thing ever existed in Moses’s era.
4) The one central altar of the times of Hezekiah (12:5)

5) The return to Egypt in ships not conceivable before the time of Manasseh (28:68)

6)Mention of  the type of idolatry that existed in middle period of the monarchy (4:19; 17:3)
                                                         
7) No trace of Deuteronomy in writings prior to Jeremiah.

8) The point of view indicates an advanced style of theological reflection.
9) The prohibition of Mazzebah (16:22) which is regarded as lawful in Isaiah (19:19)

10) The style implies a long development of the art of Hebrew oratory, and the language is free from archaism, and suits the times preceding Jeremiah.

 11) The humanitarianism of Deuteronomy shows an ethical advance beyond Amos and Isaiah and prepares the way for Jeremiah and Ezekiel : We all know how blood thirsty was our God of Old Testament.
                                                                                   
12) Ancient laws embedded in the code account for the penalties for their infraction in 2 Kings 22
13) Ancient laws of war are associated with laws which imply the wars of the monarchy, and have been influenced by Amos.

1) Exp                                                                
  

Arguments Against Mosaic Authorship

1. Moses never claimed to be the author of the Pentateuch. There is nothing in the work, neither is there anything outside of it, to indicate that he was its author.

2. The ancient Hebrews did not believe that he wrote it.

3. The Pentateuch was written in the Hebrew language. The Hebrew of the Bible did not exist in the time of Moses. Language takes centuries to develop. It took a thousand years to develop the English language. The Hebrew of the Bible was not brought from Egypt, but grew in Palestine. Referring to this language.

4. Not only is it true that the Hebrew language did not exist, but it is urged by critics that no written language, as we understand it, existed in Western Asia in the time of Moses. Hieroglyphs were then in use, and it cannot be imagined that a work as large as the Pentateuch was written or engraved in hieroglyphics and carried about by this wandering tribe of ignorant Israelites.

                                               
5. It contains an account of the death and burial of Moses which he could not have written:

A}"So Moses, the servant of the Lord, died there in the land of Moab. . . . And he buried him in a valley of the land of Moab " (Deut. 34:5-6).

 B}" the children of Israel wept for Moses in the plains of Moab thirty days." (34:8)

Orthodox commentators attempt to remove this difficulty by supposing that the last chapter of Deuteronomy belongs to the book of Joshua, and that Joshua recorded the death of Moses. The same chapter, referring to the appointment of Joshua as the successor of Moses, says: "And Joshua the son of Nun was full of the spirit of wisdom." (Deut. 34:9) If Joshua wrote this, however full of the spirit of wisdom he may have been, he certainly was not full of the spirit of modesty. Joshua did not write this chapter.

6. "No man knoweth of his [Moses'] sepulchre unto this day." (Deut. 34:6)
       That this chapter could ever have been attributed to either Moses or Joshua is unbelievable. The language plainly shows that not just one, but many generations had elapsed between the time of Moses and the time that verse was written. So it’s a latter day insertion.                                              

7. "They [the Israelites] did eat manna until they came unto the borders of Canaan." (Ex. 16:35) This passage was written after the Israelites settled in Canaan and ceased to subsist on manna. And this was not until after the death of Moses.
8. "The Horims also dwelt in Seir beforetime; but the children of Esau succeeded them, when they had destroyed them from before them, and dwelt in their stead; as Israel did unto the land of his possession, which the Lord gave unto them." (Deut. 2:12) This refers to the conquest of Canaan and was written after that event, but by that time our Moses was long dead.

9. "Thou shalt eat it within thy gates." (Deut. 15:22) The phrase, "within thy gates," occurs in the Pentateuch about twenty-five times. It refers to the gates of the cities of the Israelites, cities which they did not inhabit until after the death of Moses. What gates did the Israelites have in the wildnerness?
10. "Ye shall therefore keep my statutes and my judgments, . . . that the land spew not you out also, when ye defile it, as it spewed out the nations that were before you." (Lev. 18:26-28) When Moses died the nations alluded to still occupied the land and had not been expelled.


11.. "And Rachel died and was buried in the way to Ephrath, which is Bethlehem." (Gen. 35:19) The Hebrew name of Bethlehem was not given to this city until after the Israelites had conquered and occupied it.

12. "For only Og, king of Bashan, remained of the remnant of giants; behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron; is it not in Rabbath of the children of Amman?" (Deut. 3:11)

This is another passage relied upon by the early critics to disprove the Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch. The writer's reference to the bedstead of Og, which was still preserved as a relic at Rabbath, indicates a time long subsequent to the conquest of Bashan.


13. "And Jair the son of Manasseh went and took the small towns thereof, and called them Havoth-jair." (Num. 32:41)

The above is evidently a misstatement of an event recorded in Judges: "And after him [Tola] arose Jair, a Gileadite, and judged Israel twenty and two years. And he had thirty sons, . . . and they had thirty cities, which are called Havoth-jair unto this day." (Jud. 10:3-4) Jair was judge of Israel from 1210 to 1188 BCE, or from 241 to 263 years after the date assigned for the writing of the Pentateuch.

14. "Jair the son of Manasseh took all the country of Argob unto the coasts of Qeshuri and Maachathi; and called them after his own name, Bashan-havoth-jair, unto this day" (Deut. 3:14).

Jair never lived in the time of Moses. It is a misstatement from Jud 10:3-4. Also the very phrase "unto this day" shows that it was written long after the event described.

15. "And when Abram heard that his brother was taken captive, he armed his trained servants, born in his own house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued them unto Dan" (Gen. 14:14). This passage could not have been written before Dan existed. In Judges (18:26-29) the following account of the origin of this place is given:
                                             
 "And the children of Dan went their way; . . . and came unto Laish, unto a people that were at quiet and secure; and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and burnt the city with fire. . . . And they built a city, and dwelt therein. And they called the name of the city Dan."

This is placed after the death of Samson, and Samson died, according to Bible chronology, 1120 BCE-- 331 years after Moses died.

15. "And these are the kings that reigned in the land of Edom before there reigned any king over the children of Israel" (Gen. 36:31).

This could not have been written before the kingdom of Israel was established; for the writer is familiar with the fact that kings have reigned in Israel. Saul, the first king of Israel, began to reign 356 years after our Mythical Moses.

16. "The Canaanite and the Perizzite dwelt then in the land " (Gen. 13:7). This, like the preceding passage, could not have been written before the time of David. The Perizzites, also, inhabited Palestine for a long period after the conquest was our Moses was dead.

“ In the time of the Judges "the children of Israel dwelt among the . . . Perizzites " (Jud. 3:5). 

17. "The first of the first fruits of thy land thou shalt bring into the house of the Lord thy God" (Ex. 23:19).

This was not written before the time of Solomon; for God had no house prior to the erection of the temple, 1004 BCE, 447 years after our Mythical Moses died.

 When David proposed to build him a house, YHWH forbade him and said: "I have not dwelt in any house since the time that I brought up the children of Israel out of Egypt, even to this day, but have walked in a tent and in a tabernacle" (2 Sam. 7:6). The tabernacle itself was a tent (Tent of Meeting). During all this time no house was ever used as a sanctuary.

18. "One from among the brethren shalt thou set king over thee. . . . But he shall not multiply horses to himself, nor cause the people to return to Egypt, to the end that he should multiply horses. . . . Neither shall he multiply wives to himself, that his heart turn not away; neither shall he greatly multiply to himself silver and gold" (Deut. 17:15-17).

A}" And Solomon had forty thousand stalls of horses" (1 Kings 4:26).

B}" And Solomon had horses brought out of Egypt" (10:28).

C} "And he had seven hundred wives, princesses, and three hundred concubines: and his wives turned away his heart " (11:3).

D}"The weight of gold that came to Solomon in one year was six hundred three score and six talents of gold" (10:14).

E} "And the king made silver to be in Jerusalem as stones" (10:27).

 Nothing can be plainer than that this statute in Deuteronomy was written after Solomon's reign. The extravagance and debaucheries of this monarch had greatly impoverished and corrupted the kingdom, and to prevent a recurrence of such excesses this law was enacted.

19. "If there arise a matter too hard for thee in judgment, . . . thou shalt come unto the priests the Levites, and unto the judge that shall be in those days, and enquire; and they shall show thee the sentence of judgment" (Deut. 17:8-9).

This court was established by Jehoshaphat (2 Chron. 19:8-11). Jehoshaphat commenced his reign 914 BCE-- 537 years after Moses.

20. "But in the place which the Lord shall choose in one of thy tribes, there thou shalt offer thy burnt offerings, and there shalt thou do all that I command thee" (Deut. 12:14).

 "Is it not he [the Lord] whose high places and whose altars Hezekiah hath taken away, and said to Judah and Jerusalem, Ye shall worship before this altar?" (Is. 36:7).

Up to the time of Hezekiah the Hebrews worshiped at many altars. Hezekiah removed these altars and established the one central altar at Jerusalem. This was in 726 BCE-- 725 years after Moses.

21. The worship of the sun, moon, and stars by the Jews, is mentioned and condemned (Deut. 4:19; 17:3). This nature worship was adopted by them in the reign of Manasseh, 800 years after Moses.

22. "Wherefore it is said in the book of the Wars of the Lord, what he did in the Red Sea, and in the brooks of Arnon." (Num. 21:14)

 The author of the Pentateuch here cites a book older than the Pentateuch, which gives an account of the journeyings of the Israelites from Egypt to Moab-- from the Exodus to the end of Moses' career.  What a Joke ! :)
23. "And thou shalt write upon the stones all the words of this law very plainly." (Deut. 27:8) "And he [Joshua] wrote there upon the stones a copy of the law of Moses." (Josh. 8:32) Christians affirm that the Law of Moses and the Pentateuch are one.

The fact  that this Law of Moses was not the 150,000 words of the Pentateuch is shown by the fact that after the death of Moses it was all engraved upon a stone altar.

24. "Now the man Moses was very meek, above all the men which were upon the face of the earth" (Num. 12:3).
 No writer would bestow upon himself Mr .Olympia Title like  “meekest man on earth”. This can’t be our Moses but his admirer .

25. "And this is the such fulsome praise written by a devout was not written by blessing wherewith Moses the man of God blessed the children of Israel before his death." (Deut. 33:1). There are three reasons for rejecting the Mosaic authorship of this: -

a)Moses is spoken of in laudatory terms;

b)He is spoken of in the 3^rd person;

c) His death is referred to as an event that is already past. By the way how can Moses write about his own death , possibly from his coffin box? Just think about it !

26. "And there arose not a prophet since in Israel like unto Moses." (Deut. 34:10)

 Not only is the highest praise bestowed upon Moses, a thing that he would not have done, but the language clearly shows that it was written centuries after the time he lived. 

Additional Points :-


1.  The religious history of the Jews embraces three periods of time, each covering centuries.
First period : The worship of Jehovah (Jewish Dracula) was confined to no particular place;

 Second period: Was confined to the holy city, Jerusalem;

 Third period :It was confined not merely to Jerusalem, but to the temple itself. There are writings in the Pentateuch belonging to each of these periods.

The Encyclopedia Britannica declares that this fact alone provides overwhelming disproof of Mosaic authorship.
2. The religion of the Pentateuch was not a revelation, but an Evolution.


3. The Pentateuch abounds with repetitions and contradictions. The first two chapters of Genesis contain two accounts of the Creation differing in every important detail. In the sixth, seventh, and eighth chapters of Genesis, two different and contradictory accounts of the Deluge are intermingled. Exodus and Deuteronomy each contain a copy of the Decalogue, the two differing as to the reason assigned for the institution of the Sabbath. There are several different versions of the call of Abraham; different and conflicting stories of the Egyptian plagues; contradictory accounts of the conquest of Canaan.

4. The hero of the Exodus has an Egyptian not a Hebrew name (as in Thut’moses, Ah’moses, etc). No contemporary non-biblical source mentions Moses. In this unlikely episode, a pharaoh who "does not know"Joseph is alarmed by the explosive growth of the Hebrews and decides that new born male infants of the Hebrews should be drowned. One is saved in an ark made of bulrushes daubed with slime. Amazingly, none other than the daughter of Pharaoh himself finds the infant mariner and adopts him.

The idea of "threatened child becomes great figure" is commonplace in pagan mythologies like Krishna in Hinduism, Sumerian king Sargon, Heracles, Romulus & Remus, etc. It is, of course, reworked in the story of Jesus also.

5. According to Josephus (Antiquities of the Jews - II.9) pharaoh's daughter is named 'Thermuthis' – a name which she happens to share with a manifestation of Isis – which would make Moses the Horus figure.

Egyptian mythology

In Egyptian mythology, Evil Seth, in the guise of a snake had bitten the infant Horus. He had been saved by Thoth – the Ibis headed god.  Our hero Moses "cheerfully" accepted, rallied the Egyptians and defeated the Ethiopians who had overrun the entire country.

        Moses’s  victory included vanquishing a "multitude of serpents" with the "Ibes" bird. The incident finds mention in famous Historian  Flavius Josephus ‘s work  “Antiquities of the Jews”, Book 2 .

                           Who is Moses’s Real Father-in-law?

Moses flees to Arabia where he marries the daughter of a Midianite priest and lives as a shepherd. His father-in-law is 'Reuel' (Exodus 2.18) or 'Jethro' (Exodus 3.1, 4.18) or'Hobab' (Judges 4.11) . What a Joke!!

                                   
                                                         

    Origins Of  Exodus Story : Ancient Sumerian Mythology Reloaded !!

Biblical Exodus story is just a rehash of   stories  found in Babylon. Ancient Hebrew scribers borrowed or rather heavily copied, unabashed from Ancient worlds. In that process , they just replaced the pagan gods/goddess with their  own Jewish diety called YHWH. Thereby transfering  and allocating all the Virtues/Glories of pagan Gods/Goddess solely to YHWH.

In fact the very Hebrew word Elohim  actually means Plural Gods. Consider following plagiaristic origins of Exodus story:

Ancient Sumerian/Babylonia Mythology	Jewish Mythology
1. Marduk-splits the carcass of a sea-monster to create the world	YHWH-divided the Sea of Reeds to let his people escape from Pharaoh and the pursuing army.
2. Marduk-slaying the demonic hordes	YHWH-drowned the Egyptians

Hym To Aten In Egyptia
Monotheistic Religion.

                                                     

                      Pagiaristic Origins of Book Of Psalm

Aten, is the disk of the sun in ancient Egyptian mythology, and originally an aspect of Ra. The deified Aten is the focus of the  monotheistic  religion . Established by Amenhotep IV, who later took the name  Akhenaten  in worship in recognition of Aten.  In his poem "Great Hymn to the Aten", Akhenaten praises Aten as the creator, and giver of life.

Hymn to the Aten, carved relief, Tomb of Ay, Armana.

Hymn to the Aten	Psalm 104
" Lord of All, Lord of heaven, Lord of Earth Thy rays embrace the lands Thou layest the foundations of the earth How manifold are thy works! The ships go down and up the stream..."	"O Lord thou art very Great Who coverest thyself with light as a garment Who laid the foundations of the earth O Lord how manifold are thy works! How ships sail to and fro..."